Study on the prevalence of gastric ulcer diagnosis in the Caspian miniature horse by endoscopy

The aim of the present study was to determination the prevalence of gastric ulcer in Caspian miniature horse. The design Field- laboratorial study on 23 Caspian miniature horses. Feed withdraw 12-16 hours before study and the owners or riders completed a form about housing, medication, age, sex, cell boold counts and the biochemical profile tests were carried out. Endoscope performed through the nostrils into the stomach for a systematic examination. Findings of endoscopy were analyzed by chi-squire test. Moreover, mean valus of the laboratorial values between horses with or without gastric ulcer were compared by T- test. Gastric ulcer was evident in 47. 82% of cases. However, 81. 9% and 18.1% of ulcers were in nonglandular and glandular regions of the stomach respectively. There was significant differences between glandular and nonglandular ulcers [p < 0.01] and between genders [The females had higher incidence of gastric ulcer than males][p < 0. 05]. Low incidence of gastric lesions were seen in horses which received antihelmentic drugs. Moreover, horses with history of long-term treatment with NSAID, had significantly higher incidence of gastric ulcer in the glandular region [p < 0.05]. The occurrence of gastric ulcer was associated with over exercise [p < 0.05]. There was no significant differences between serum Ca, Na, K, P, Mg and total protein levels in horses with or without ulcer. However horses suffered from gastric ulcer, showed a high serum levels of fibrinogen[p < 0.05]

Cryptosporidia infection and associated bacterial entropathogens in diarrheic calves and cows in dairy farms around Tehran

Determination the effects of the bacterialentropathogens to increase infection of calves and cows tocryptosporidium. Descriptive study. A total of 152 calves and 300 cows. Microscopic detection of cryptosporidium inthe direct smears of feces samples from 3 farm in aroundTehran, using smears, fixing with methanol, staining withmodified zeal-nielson, detecting oocysts under a lightmicroscope with objective magnification of 40 X [at leastin 20 microscope field], confirming the observation usingmagnification of 100 X. on the other hand, feces sampleswere cultured for detection of bacterial agents such as:Salmonella, E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Campylobacterand Pseudomonas as well as microscopic observation forpresence of acid-fast bacteria in the direct smears of feces. Descriptive statistics.In this study, Cryptosporidium was detected in40.78% of diarrheic calves of which 10.52% of cases hadcryptosporidium alone, and in 30.26% of casescryptosporidium was accompanied with at least one otherpathogenic bacteria. In 3.28% of cases acid-fast organismwas isolated alone. Target pathogens of this study wasisolated at least in 34.33% of feces samples of cows. In28% of cases Cryptosporidium was confirmed and in 5%acid-fast organism was observed. The results of the present study showed thatthe infection rates are significantly higher in calves than incows which may be the due to the age susceptibility toCryptosporidium. It is suggested that hygiene of calf den isof great importance